Arne Ljungqvist: the great fighter against doping.

Professor emeritus Arne Ljungqvist from Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, who has served in various high positions in the IOC, International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF), Swedish Sports Confederation, to mention some of them, has dedicated a great deal of his life to service in sports and sports medicine. Arne Ljungqvist has especially dedicated his career to the fight against doping and to the protection of the health of the athletes. It is a great privilege for me to write this editorial as I have known and worked with Arne since the beginning of the 1970s. During the 1980s, I was a member of the Swedish Council of Sports Research under Arne’s leadership and later his successor as President. Above all, I have had the privilege to work in the IOC Medical Commission since 1989, and from 2003–2012 under the Chairmanship of Arne. During these years we have worked closely together, and it has been a great journey to learn from Arne how to manage the many difficult and intriguing problems that follows the Olympic Games. Now, Arne is stepping down from the Chairmanship and leaving the IOC Medical Commission this year after years of distinguished service. It all started over 60 years ago when Arne became a Swedish senior champion in high jump in 1951, jumping as high as 201 cm. Arne was multi-talented and won also the Swedish junior championships in pole vault and javelin. He was one of the favourites for the Gold medal in the high jump competition in the Olympic Games in Helsinki 1952, but unfortunately could not compete because of an injury that he sustained during a medical student carnival in the autumn of 1951 when a group of us were jumping for the general public in the streets with numerous hard landings on asphalt. Arne had to end his jumping career as his injury could not be cured, and it was not until the 1960s that the diagnosis of patellar tendinopathy could be made. Arne, however, continued his medical studies and soon became very successful. Arne was appointed professor at the Karolinska Institutet in 1972 because of his excellent medical research in the fields of renal and cardiovascular diseases and, later, oncology. He held several high professional positions such as Vice Dean of Medical Faculty, Karolinska Institutet, 1972–1977; Pro-Rector, Karolinska Institutet, 1977–1983; Chairperson, Department of Pathology and Cytology, Karolinska Hospital, 1983–1992; President, Swedish Council of Sports Research, 1980–1992; Dean Swedish School of Sport and Physical Education, 1992–1996; and President of the Swedish Cancer Society, 1992–2001. Interestingly enough, he took time to serve Chamberlain to His Majesty the King of Sweden, 1977–1986 and has since then been Lord in Waiting to His Majesty the King of Sweden. In 1971, Arne returned to sport as he was elected to the Board of the Swedish Athletics Association, where in 1973 he became chairperson. In this time period, athletes used all kinds of medicines to enhance their bodies to achieve success. An anonymous survey among Sweden’s best athletes indicated that nearly half of them were using anabolic steroids, which indeed was legal until 1975, when reliable tests had finally been developed to identify users. Arne realised that something had to be done to create a healthy and ethical environment in sports. In 1975, he became a member of the Swedish Sports Confederation and was part of the initiation of the Swedish Commission against doping in 1977 with its own doping rules by 1979. During 1989– 2001, Arne became the President of the Swedish Sports Confederation and in 1989 a member of the Swedish Olympic Committee. Arne has had an outstanding international career, which started when, in 1976 he was elected to become a Council Member in IAAF and elected Vice President in IAAF in 1981. He served in this position until 1999 and became thereafter the Senior Vice President of IAAF until 2007 and Chairperson of the Medical Committee and Anti-Doping Commission. Since 1987 he has been a Member of the IOC Medical Commission and in 2003 he was appointed Chairperson of the Medical Commission of IOC. In 1994, Arne was elected Member of the IOC. When WADA was founded in 1999, Arne became the Member of WADA’s Foundation Board Correspondence to Professor Per Renström, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Centre for Sports Trauma Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; [email protected]